Why alcohol affects women differently
Even if a woman and a man have the same body weight and drink the same amount, the woman will typically have a higher Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC). This is primarily due to physiology, not tolerance.
Body water percentage
Alcohol is water-soluble. Women naturally have a lower percentage of body water (about 49-52%) compared to men (about 58%). This means the same amount of alcohol is dissolved in less water, resulting in a higher concentration.
Metabolic enzymes
Women often have lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), the enzyme that breaks down alcohol in the stomach before it reaches the bloodstream. As a result, more alcohol is absorbed into the blood.
Hormonal factors
Fluctuations in hormone levels during the menstrual cycle can also affect alcohol metabolism, causing intoxication to occur faster at certain times of the month.